Understanding Seizures and Epilepsy: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Seizures are sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbances in the brain that can cause changes in behavior, movements, or consciousness. Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurring seizures. At Florida Neurology, we offer specialized care for individuals experiencing seizures, providing accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment to help manage epilepsy and improve quality of life.

What Causes Seizures?

Seizures occur when the brain's normal electrical activity becomes disrupted. There are many potential causes, including:

• Genetic factors: Some forms of epilepsy have a genetic link, meaning they can run in families.
• Head injuries: Trauma to the brain can cause abnormal electrical activity, leading to seizures.
• Stroke or brain tumors: Both can disrupt normal brain function and result in seizures.
• Infections: Conditions like meningitis or encephalitis can lead to seizures.
• Metabolic imbalances: Low blood sugar or electrolyte imbalances can trigger seizures.
• Drug or alcohol withdrawal: Sudden cessation of alcohol or drug use can provoke seizures in some individuals.

Types of Seizures

Seizures are classified into two main categories based on how they start in the brain:

• Focal seizures: These begin in one specific part of the brain and can cause unusual sensations or movements in one area of the body. They may or may not result in loss of consciousness.
• Generalized seizures: These affect both sides of the brain and can result in loss of consciousness. Types of generalized seizures include:
• Absence seizures: Brief lapses in awareness, often mistaken for daydreaming.
• Tonic-clonic seizures: Characterized by stiffening of the muscles (tonic phase) followed by jerking movements (clonic phase).

Common Symptoms of Seizures

Seizure symptoms vary depending on the type of seizure but may include:

• Uncontrollable jerking movements: Particularly in the arms and legs.
• Loss of consciousness or awareness: In generalized seizures, the individual may not remember the event.
• Temporary confusion or disorientation: This can occur during or after a seizure.
• Staring spells: Absence seizures can cause brief, unresponsive staring.
• Psychological symptoms: Some seizures may trigger feelings of fear, anxiety, or déjà vu.

How is Epilepsy Diagnosed?

At Florida Neurology, diagnosing epilepsy begins with a comprehensive evaluation. Tests we may use include:

• Electroencephalogram (EEG): An EEG records the electrical activity of the brain and can help detect abnormal brain wave patterns associated with seizures.
• MRI or CT scans: These imaging tests can help identify structural issues in the brain, such as tumors or scarring, that may be causing seizures.
• Blood tests: To check for metabolic imbalances or infections that could be contributing to seizures.

Treatment Options for Epilepsy

Managing epilepsy involves reducing the frequency and severity of seizures. Treatment options include:

• Medications: Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are the most common treatment for controlling seizures. There are several types, and the choice depends on the type of seizures and individual response to the medication.
• Surgery: For patients with focal seizures that do not respond to medications, surgery to remove the part of the brain causing the seizures may be an option.
• Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS): A device implanted under the skin sends electrical impulses to the vagus nerve to help reduce seizure frequency.
• Ketogenic diet: A high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet can help reduce seizures in some children with epilepsy.

Living with Epilepsy

With proper treatment, many people with epilepsy are able to lead active, fulfilling lives. At Florida Neurology, we provide ongoing support and care, ensuring that treatment plans are tailored to meet each patient’s unique needs. Regular follow-ups help monitor treatment effectiveness and adjust medications or therapies as needed.

Why Choose Florida Neurology for Epilepsy Care?

At Florida Neurology, our team of specialists is dedicated to helping patients manage epilepsy through advanced diagnostic tools and personalized treatment plans. We offer comprehensive care and support to reduce seizures and improve quality of life for individuals living with epilepsy. If you or a loved one is experiencing seizures, contact us today to schedule a consultation.